lunyu.aiRead and hear The Analects

Ke She / 9

孔子曰，生而知之者，上也，学而知之者，次也，困而学之，又其次也。困而不学，民斯为下矣。

Modern Chinese Guide

孔子说：生来就懂道理的，是上等的人；经过学习才懂道理的，是次一等的人；遇到困惑才去学习的，又次一等；遇到困惑还不肯学习的，这种人就是最下等的了。

James Legge Translation

Confucius said, "Those who are born with the possession of knowledge are the highest class of men. Those who learn, and so, readily, get possession of knowledge, are the next.

Notes and themes

  • 底本：Wikisource 整理的 James Legge《The Chinese Classics》公版中英文本。
  • 中文由繁体转为简体，后续白话解释需逐章审校。
  • 白话参考底本：《白话论语读本》，张兆瑢、沈元起编译，上海广益书局1948 年新三版。
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