Yen Yuan / 20
子张问士何如，斯可谓之达矣。子曰，何哉，尔所谓达者。子张对曰，在邦必闻，在家必闻。子曰，是闻也，非达也。夫达也者，质直而好义，察言而观色，虑以下人，在邦必达，在家必达。夫闻也者，色取仁而行违，居之不疑，在邦必闻，在家必闻。
Modern Chinese Guide
子张问：读书人怎样才可以称得上通达？孔子说：你所说的通达是什么意思呢？子张回答说：在诸侯之国一定有名声，在卿大夫之家也一定有名声。孔子说：这只是有名声，不是通达。所谓通达，是指品性正直而喜爱道义，善于揣摩别人的话、观察别人的脸色，考虑着对人谦让；这样的人在诸侯之国一定通达，在卿大夫之家也一定通达。至于那种只求名声的人，表面上装出仁德的样子，行动上却背道而驰，还自以为是、毫不怀疑；这种人在诸侯之国骗得虚名，在卿大夫之家也骗得虚名。
James Legge Translation
1. Tsze-chang asked, "What must the officer be, who may be said to be distinguished?" 2. The Master said, "What is it you call being distinguished?" 3. Tsze-chang replied, "It is to be heard of through the State, to be heard of throughout his clan." 4. The Master said, "That is notoriety, not distinction. 5. "Now the man of distinction is solid and straightforward, and loves righteousness. He examines people's words, and looks at their countenances. He is anxious to humble himself to others. Such a man will be distinguished in the country; he will be distinguished in his clan. 6. "As to the man of notoriety, he assumes the appearance of virtue, but his actions are opposed to it, and he rests in this character without any doubts about himself. Such a man will be heard of in the country; he will be heard of in the clan."
Notes and themes
- 底本：Wikisource 整理的 James Legge《The Chinese Classics》公版中英文本。
- 中文由繁体转为简体，后续白话解释需逐章审校。
- 白话参考底本：《白话论语读本》，张兆瑢、沈元起编译，上海广益书局1948 年新三版。
Ask Confucius: controlled AI entry
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